Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of Pgs - Pvp Co-processed Excipient as Directly Compressible Vehicle in Tablet Formulation

Direct compression is the preferred method for the preparation of tablets. Co-processing is the one of the most widely explored and commercially utilized method for the preparation of directly compressible vehicles. The objective of the present study is to prepare and characterize pregelatinized starch-poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PGS-PVP) co-processed excipient and to evaluate its application as directly compressible vehicle in tablet formulations. PGS-PVP co-processed excipient was prepared by gelatinizing potato starch in the presence of PVP and drying the resulting mass. The coprocessed excipient prepared was characterized by determining melting point, solubility, swelling index in water, pH, and micromeritic characters namely particle size, bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose and compressibility index, by FTIR spectra and evaluated for its application in tablet formulations. PGS-PVP co-processed excipient prepared by gelatinizing potato starch (49 parts) in the presence of PVP (1 part) is a crystalline, discrete and free flowing powder. It is insoluble in water and aqueous fluids of pH 1.2, 4.5 and 7.4 and in several organic solvents. It exhibited high swelling (284 %) in water. PGS-PVP co-processed excipient has excellent flow properties alone and as blends with selected drugs it exhibited excellent to good flow properties. Tablets of (i) sulphamethoxazole (ii) paracetamol and (iii) aceclofenac prepared by direct compression method employing PGS-PVP co-processed excipient as DCV were of good quality with regard to drug content, hardness, friability and disintegration time. All the tablets formulated disintegrating rapidly within 3.5 min. With all the three drugs, the tablets prepared gave rapid dissolution of the contained drug, 100 % within 20 min and fulfilled the official (IP/USP) dissolution rate test specification prescribed in each case. FTIR spectra indicated no interaction between PGSPVP co-processed excipient and the three drugs included in the study. Thus, PGS-PVP co-processed excipient developed in this study was found to be a promising directly compressible vehicle for the preparation of tablets. INTRODUCTION: Direct compression is the preferred method for the preparation of tablets . It offers several advantages 2-3 . Notable among them are (i) It is economical compared to wet granulation since it requires fewer unit operations (ii) More suitable for moisture and heat sensitive APIs since it eliminates wetting and drying steps (iii) Changes in dissolution profile are less likely to occur in tablets made by direct